Java Edition 1.21.11

Minecraft 1.21.11
Edition	Java Edition
Official name	Mounts of Mayhem
Release date	December 9, 2025
Development versions	Snapshots (6) ; Pre-releases (5) ; Release candidates (3) ; (View all)
Downloads	Client; Obfuscated (.json); Unobfuscated (.zip) ; Server; Obfuscated; Unobfuscated
Obfuscation maps	Client; Server
Protocol version	774
Data version	4671
Resource pack format	75.0
Data pack format	94.1
Minimum Java version	Java SE 21
	◄ 1.21.10

There is a guide for this update!

See Java Edition guides/Mounts of Mayhem for a guide to all of the new features introduced in Mounts of Mayhem.

1.21.11, the release of Mounts of Mayhem, is a game drop for Java Edition released on December 9, 2025,^[1]^[2] which adds the nautilus, zombie nautilus, nautilus armor, spears, netherite horse armor, camel husks, parched, and zombie horsemen.

A separate unobfuscated version of 1.21.11 was released, titled 1.21.11 Unobfuscated (or 1.21.11_unobfuscated when in the launcher). This is an experimental version released in preparation for obfuscation being removed from Java Edition clients and servers.^[3]

1.21.11 is the final version of Java Edition to be obfuscated,^[4] the final version released in 2025, the final version to require Java 21, and the final version to use the old 1.x.y version format.

Additions

1.21.11 block and item additions

Items

Nautilus armor

Equippable on nautiluses and zombie nautiluses.
Has copper, iron, gold, diamond, and netherite variants.
- Copper, iron, golden, and diamond nautilus armor now have a chance to be found in the chests for the following structures:
- Copper, iron and golden nautilus armor can be smelted into the respective nuggets.

Netherite horse armor

Can be obtained by upgrading diamond horse armor with a smithing table using netherite upgrade template.

Spawn eggs

Added nautilus, zombie nautilus, parched, and camel husk spawn eggs.

Spear

New weapon that can be crafted in wood, stone, copper, iron, gold, diamond and netherite versions.
- Each material has different stats for timing, influencing how fast they are to use.
- Copper, iron and golden spears can be smelted into the respective nuggets.
- Wooden spears can be used as a fuel in a furnace.
Cannot be used to mine blocks, as opposed to other weapons.
Can be enchanted with the exclusive enchantment Lunge, in addition to the available enchantments for swords (except Sweeping Edge).
Has a minimum reach for damage, being too close to a target will yield no damage.
- Has extended maximum reach compared to other tools and weapons.
Zombies, husks, zombified piglins and piglins can spawn holding a spear.
- Golden spears are a piglin-preferred weapon.
Has two attacks: jab and charge.
- Jab
  - Used by quick-pressing the primary action button.
  - Is a low-damage attack with knockback.
  - Has a cooldown between attacks.
  - Wooden spears have the fastest cooldown, while netherite has the slowest.
  - Can hit multiple enemies.
- Charge
  - Used by holding the secondary action button.
  - Damage is based on spear material, the player’s view angle, and the velocity of both the player and the target.
  - While holding down the button, the attack goes through three stages before returning to idle:
    - Engaged: The spear can deal damage, knockback, and dismount mounted enemies if the speed is above the required thresholds.
    - Tired: Indicated by the spear rotating to a vertical position and shaking. The Spear can deal damage and knockback (but not dismount) if the speed is above the required thresholds.
    - Disengaged: Indicated by the spear being lowered, pointing downwards. The Spear gives damage but not knockback or dismount if the speed is above the required threshold.
  - The spear's range when used by mobs is half of that when used by players, but they can deal damage, dismount and knockback at lower speeds than the players.
  - Spears provide visual feedback when they hit a target in the charge attack.

Mobs

Camel husk

New undead variant of the camel.
Spawns at a light level of 0 in deserts.
- Spawns with two riders: A husk wielding a spear in the front and a parched in the back.
- Does not spawn in caves, following the husk's spawning rules.
Does not burn in sunlight.
Has 32HP × 16 health.
Is hostile if the rider is a hostile mob (similar to the zombie horse). Is passive without a rider.
Despawns like other hostile mobs, but becomes persistent while ridden by a player.
Favorite food is rabbit foot, but it cannot be bred.
Drops 2-3 rotten flesh when killed, with an extra 0-1 for each level of Looting.
- Any husk riding it now has a chance of dropping a rabbit foot on death.
As a mount, it works similar to a normal camel.

Nautilus

A new neutral aquatic mob.
Spawns in all ocean biomes.
Has 15HP × 7.5 health.
Attacks using a dash attack, if provoked.
- Plays a dash sound when it performs its dash attack.
Occasionally attacks pufferfish within range using the dash attack.
Takes suffocation damage on land.
Grants the Breath of the Nautilus effect to mounted players.
Can be bred and tamed using a pufferfish or a bucket of pufferfish.
A tamed nautilus can be equipped with a saddle, then the player can ride it.
- While riding it, the player can use its dash attack (similar to camels) by pressing the jump button.
- Has an inventory UI.
Once tamed, has a roaming restriction around its home position of 16 blocks with a saddle, and 32 blocks without.
Has a 5% (¹⁄₂₀) chance of dropping a nautilus shell upon death, on a player kill, affected by Looting.

Parched

New variant of the skeleton.
Spawns at a light level of 0 in deserts replacing some of the regular skeletons.
- Does not spawn in caves, following the husk's spawning rules.
Does not burn in sunlight.
Has 16HP × 8 health.
Shoots arrows of Weakness, and has a chance to drop them as well.
Has a slower rate of fire compared to a normal skeleton, similar to the bogged.
Is immune to the Weakness effect.

Zombie nautilus

A new underwater mob that spawns with a Drowned rider wielding a trident.
Has a coral variant, which appears when spawned in a warm ocean type biome.
Hostile only if ridden by a hostile mob.
Behaves similar to the nautilus except that it cannot be bred.
Burns in sunlight, like other undead mobs.
- Nautilus armor protects it from sunlight damage.
Does not take suffocation damage on land, as opposed to regular nautilus.
Drops 0-3 rotten flesh when killed, on a player kill, affected by Looting.

Command format

/stopwatch

New command that allows the creation of a stopwatch that keeps track of real time.
Stopwatches do not depend on game ticks.
They only run when the server/world is running, even when paused.
Syntax:
- /stopwatch create <id> – creates a stopwatch with the given namespaced ID.
- /stopwatch query <id> – returns the queried value and takes in a new scale argument.
  - The returned value will be scaled by that argument and truncated.
  - The scale is optional and will default to 1 if omitted.
  - Example: /stopwatch query foo:bar 20 to get the elapsed time in ticks.
- /stopwatch restart <id> – restarts the given stopwatch.
- /stopwatch remove <id> – removes the given stopwatch.

Gameplay

Advancements

Added the following advancement:

Icon	Advancement	In-game description	Actual requirements (if different)
	Mob Kabob	Hit five mobs in the same Charge attack using the Spear.	Armor Stand and Mannequin also count for this advancement.

Death messages

Added the following death messages:
- "<player> was speared by <player/mob>"
- "<player> was speared by <player/mob> using <item>"

Effects

Breath of the Nautilus
- Affects mounted players.
- Pauses player oxygen consumption (but does not replenish oxygen).

Enchantments

Lunge
- A new enchantment that is unique to the spear.
- Only works with the jab attack.
- When doing a jab attack with Lunge, it propels the player horizontally in the view direction.
- The view angle needs to be perfectly leveled horizontally to achieve maximum lunge distance.
- Costs saturation/hunger to use, similar to sprinting or jumping.
  - Level I consumes 1 (), level II consumes 2 (), and level III consumes 3 ().
  - Lunge can only be used if the player has at least 6 () hunger points in their hunger bar.
- There's also a durability cost of 1 for using Lunge across all Enchantment levels.

General

Environment attributes

Provides a data-driven way to control a variety of visual and gameplay systems.
Each Environment Attribute controls a specific visual or gameplay effect:
- For example, minecraft:visual/sky_color controls the color of the sky, and minecraft:gameplay/water_evaporates controls whether water can be placed at a given location.

Sources
- Environment Attribute values can be provided by the following Environment Attribute sources (in order of low to high priority):
  - Dimensions
  - Biomes
- The "effective" value of the Environment Attribute (i.e. what will actually show up in game) will be some combination of the values provided by each source according to their priority.
  - For example, in the following scenario:
    - The overworld dimension provides sky_color = #00ff00 (green)
    - The plains biome provides sky_color = #ff0000 (red)
  - When the player is in the plains biome, they will see the red sky_color, while anywhere else in the overworld they will see green.
- When an Environment Attribute source provides an Environment Attribute, it can:
  - Override the value, such as the plains biome overriding the overworld's sky_color in the above scenario.
  - Apply a modifier to a previous value.

Modifiers
- An environment attribute source may simply override the value of a particular attribute.
  - However, it is sometimes also desirable to rather apply a modifier to a value provided by a source with lower priority.
  - For example, in the following scenario:
    - The overworld dimension provides water_fog_radius = 96.0
    - The plains biome modifies water_fog_radius with a multiply modifier of 0.85
  - When in the plains biome, the water_fog_radius will be resolved to $96.0 * 0.85 = 81.6$ , while in any other Overworld biome, it will resolve to 96.0.
- The kinds of modifiers available depends on the type of Environment Attribute.
  - The most basic modifier, supported by every Environment Attribute, is the override modifier.
  - This behaves purely as an override of the preceding value.
    - If not specified by an Environment Attribute source, the modifier will always be assumed to be override.

Interpolation
- Interpolation describes the combination of values within a source.
- Is performed on values from a source after modifiers have been applied.
- Only some Environment Attributes support interpolation. This allows for the smooth transition between two or more values, such as when moving between two biomes.
- Biomes
  - sky_color is one attribute that will transition smoothly based on position.
  - For example, in the following scenario:
    - The plains biome provides sky_color = #ff0000 (red)
    - The desert biome provides sky_color = #ffff00 (yellow)
  - In the above scenario, as a player moves from a plains to a desert biome, the sky color will gradually shift from red to yellow.
  - Other attributes, such as water_evaporates, represent discrete values and will not be smoothly transitioned – only the biome exactly at a subject position will be considered.
  - Smooth transitions between biomes are based on the biomes within an 8 block radius of the camera. Biomes that occupy a larger portion of that radius and are closer to the camera will have a stronger influence on the final interpolated value.

Environment Attribute Map
- Dimension Type and Biome definitions contain a new attributes field, enabling them to define Environment Attributes.
- This map generally takes the form of an object mapping between Environment Attribute IDs and their corresponding values, for example:

"attributes": { "minecraft:visual/fog_color": "#ffaa00", "minecraft:gameplay/water_evaporates": true }

Values defined as above will always be assumed to use the override modifier.
- The value object can however be expanded in order to express different modifiers, in the format of an object with the following fields:
  - modifier: optional string modifier ID, dependent on the Attribute Type.
    - Default: override
  - argument: the modifier argument (format dependent on the chosen modifier).
    - How the argument is used also depends on the type of modifier.
  - For example, the following definition describes multiplying water_fog_radius by 85%:

"attributes": { "minecraft:visual/water_fog_radius": { "modifier": "multiply", "argument": 0.85 } }

Common Data Types
- The following data types are reused in various parts of the Environment Attributes system.
- RGB Color
  - Format can be one of the following:
    - A hex color RGB string, in the form #rrggbb
    - A float array with 3 components, between 0 and 1, in the form [r, g, b]
    - An integer in packed RGB form.
- ARGB Color
  - Format can be one of the following:
    - A hex color ARGB string, in the form #aarrggbb
    - A float array with 4 components, between 0 and 1, in the form [a, r, g, b]
    - An integer in packed ARGB form.
- Particle Options
  - A full definition of a particle, including any type-specific properties (as in the /particle command).
    - For example:

{ "type": "minecraft:block_crumble", "block_state": { "Name": "minecraft:dirt" } }

Common Modifiers
Every Environment Attribute has a specific value type, which describes how values must be defined as well as what modifiers are available and how they are interpolated.
- Some are very specific, while others are reused across many attributes.
- Modifiers on Boolean Values
  - Argument format: boolean
    - override
    - and
    - nand
    - or
    - nor
    - xor
    - xnor
- Modifiers on Float Values
  - Argument format: float
    - override
    - add
    - subtract
    - multiply
    - minimum
    - maximum
- Modifiers on Color Values
  - Argument format: RGB color (except alpha_blend)
    - override
    - add – component-wise additive color blending
    - subtract – component-wise subtractive color blending..
    - multiply – component-wise multiplicative color blending.
    - alpha_blend – traditional alpha blending that might be seen in image editing software.
      - Argument format: ARGB Color
      - When the argument alpha is 1, it will behave as an override with no blending.
- Modifiers on ARGB Color Values
  - override
    - Argument format: ARGB Color
  - add – component-wise additive color blending.
    - Argument format: RGB Color
  - subtract – component-wise subtractive color blending.
    - Argument format: RGB Color
  - multiply – component-wise multiplicative color blending.
    - Argument format: RGB or ARGB Color
    - If specified, the alpha component is multiplied independently just like the other color channels.
  - alpha_blend – traditional alpha blending that might be seen in image editing software.
    - Argument format: ARGB Color
    - When the argument alpha is 1, it will behave as an override with no blending.

New Environment Attributes
- minecraft:visual/fog_color
  - The color of fog (when the camera is not submerged in another substance).
    - Value type: RGB color
    - Default value: #000000
    - Modifiers: Color Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
    - Replaces Biome effects.fog_color field.
  - Note: the final value is also affected by the time of day, weather, and potion effects.

- minecraft:visual/fog_start_distance
  - The distance in blocks from the camera at which fog starts to have an effect (when the camera is not submerged in another substance). If negative, the fog will start out with density as if it had started that many blocks behind the camera. Note: the final value is also modified by weather.
    - Value type: float
    - Default value: 0.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.

- minecraft:visual/fog_end_distance
  - The distance in blocks from the camera at which fog reaches its maximum density (when the camera is not submerged in another substance).
    - Value type: non-negative float
    - Default value: 1024.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
  - Note: the final value is also modified by weather.

- minecraft:visual/water_fog_color
  - The color of fog when submerged in water.
    - Value type: RGB color
    - Default value: #050533
    - Modifiers: Color Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
    - Replaces Biome effects.water_fog_color field.
  - Note: the final value is also affected by the time of day, weather, and potion effects.

- minecraft:visual/water_fog_start_distance
  - The distance in blocks from the camera at which underwater fog starts to have an effect. If negative, the fog will start out with density as if it had started that many blocks behind the camera.
    - Value type: float
    - Default value: -8.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position

- minecraft:visual/water_fog_end_distance
  - The distance in blocks from the camera at which underwater fog reaches its maximum density.
    - Value type: non-negative float
    - Default value: 96.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
    - Replaces #has_closer_water_fog Biome Tag.
  - Note: the final value is also modified by how long the player has been underwater.

- minecraft:visual/sky_fog_end_distance
  - The distance in blocks from the camera at which the fog that affects the sky reaches its maximum density (when the camera is not submerged in another substance).
    - Value type: non-negative float
    - Default value: 512.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
  - Note: this value is restricted by the Render Distance option.

- minecraft:visual/cloud_fog_end_distance
  - The distance in blocks from the camera at which the fog that affects clouds reaches its maximum density (when the camera is not submerged in another substance).
    - Value type: non-negative float
    - Default value: 2048.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
  - Note: this value is restricted by the Cloud Distance option.

- minecraft:visual/sky_color
  - The color of the sky. This color is only visible for the overworld sky.
    - Value type: RGB color
    - Default value: #000000
    - Modifiers: Color Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
    - Replaces Biome effects.sky_color field.
  - Note: the final value is also affected by the time of day and weather.

- minecraft:visual/sky_light_color
  - The visual color of sky light. For blocks with a sky light level of 0 (or minecraft:visual/sky_light_factor is 0), this will have no effect. This is the value passed to the lightmap.fsh shader as SkyLightColor.
    - Value type: RGB Color
    - Default value: #ffffff
    - Modifiers: RGB Color Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.

- minecraft:visual/sky_light_factor
  - The visual brightness of sky light. minecraft:visual/sky_light_color is multiplied by this value. This is the value passed to the lightmap.fsh shader as SkyFactor.
  - The corresponding gameplay effect is controlled entirely by minecraft:gameplay/sky_light_level.
    - Value type: float
    - Default value: 1.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.

- minecraft:visual/cloud_color
  - The color of the clouds. If fully transparent, clouds are entirely disabled and happy ghasts will not regenerate health faster when at cloud height.
    - Value type: ARGB color
    - Default value: #00000000
    - Modifiers: ARGB Color Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position for rendering, or at the position of a happy ghast for regeneration.

- minecraft:visual/cloud_height
  - The height at which all clouds appear.
    - Value type: float
    - Default value: 192.33
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position for rendering, or at the position of a happy ghast for regeneration.
    - Replaces Dimension Type cloud_height field.

- minecraft:visual/default_dripstone_particle
  - The default particle to be dripped from dripstone blocks when no fluid is placed above.
    - Value type: Particle Options
    - Default value: {type:"minecraft:dripping_dripstone_water"}
    - Modifiers: override
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the position of the dripstone block.
    - Replaces Dimension Type ultrawarm field.

- minecraft:visual/ambient_particles
  - Controls ambient particles that randomly spawn around the camera.
    - Value type: list of objects with fields
      - particle: Particle Options to spawn.
      - probability: float between 0 and 1, the probability to spawn the particle in an empty space when randomly ticked.
    - Default value: []
    - Modifiers: override
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
    - Replaces Biome effects.particle field.

- minecraft:visual/sunrise_sunset_color
  - Controls the color and intensity of the sunrise and sunset effect. If fully transparent, no sunrise or sunset will be rendered. Only visible with the overworld skybox type.
    - Value type: ARGB Color
    - Default value: #00000000
    - Modifiers: ARGB Color Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
  - Only visible with the overworld skybox type.

- minecraft:visual/sun_angle
  - The angle in degrees of the sun, clockwise from east to west, with 0 being directly up.
    - Value type: float, angle in degrees
    - Default value: 0.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
  - Only visible with the overworld skybox type.

- minecraft:visual/moon_angle
  - The angle in degrees of the moon, clockwise from east to west, with 0 being directly up.
    - Value type: float, angle in degrees
    - Default value: 0.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
  - Only visible with the overworld skybox type.

- minecraft:visual/moon_phase
  - The phase of the moon.
    - Value type: string id, one of:
      - full_moon
      - waning_gibbous
      - third_quarter
      - waning_crescent
      - new_moon
      - waxing_crescent
      - first_quarter
      - waxing_gibbous
    - Default value: "full_moon"
    - Modifiers: override
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
  - Only visible with the overworld skybox type.

- minecraft:visual/star_angle
  - The angle in degrees of the stars, clockwise from east to west, with 0 being directly up.
    - Value type: float, angle in degrees
    - Default value: 0.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
  - Only visible with the overworld skybox type.

- minecraft:visual/star_brightness
  - The brightness of the stars in the sky, where 0.5 is the normal brightness during the night and 0 is fully hidden.
    - Value type: float between 0 and 1
    - Default value: 0.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
  - Only visible with the overworld skybox type.

- minecraft:audio/background_music
  - Controls how and which background music is played.
    - Value type: object with fields
      - default: optional object with fields:
        sound: Sound Event to play.
        
        min_delay: int, minimum delay in ticks between tracks.
        
        max_delay: int, maximum delay in ticks between tracks.
        
        replace_current_music: optional boolean, whether this track can replace whatever is currently playing.
        Default: false
        
        If not defined and not overridden, no music will start playing while this attribute is active.
      - underwater: optional object with fields in the same format as default – if present and the player is underwater, will override default.
      - creative: optional object with fields in the same format as default – if present and the player is in Creative Mode, will override default.
    - Default value: {}
    - Modifiers: override
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
    - Replaces Biome effects.music field.

- minecraft:audio/music_volume
  - The volume at which music should play. Any music playing will fade over time to this value.
    - Value type: float between 0 and 1
    - Default value: 1.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
    - Replaces Biome effects.music_volume field.

- minecraft:audio/ambient_sounds
  - Controls which ambient sounds are played around the camera, and when.
    - Value type: object with fields
      - loop: optional Sound Event, sound to be continually looped.
      - mood: object with fields, sounds that will be randomly played based on surrounding darkness.
        sound: Sound Event to play.
        
        tick_delay: int, the number of ticks between mood sounds, assuming a light level of 0.
        
        block_search_extent: int, the radius in which light levels are sampled.
        
        offset: double, an additional distance offset to apply to sounds produced.
      - additions: list of objects with fields, sounds that will be randomly played.
        sound: Sound Event to play
        
        tick_chance: float between 0 and 1, probability within a tick to play a given sound.
    - Default value: {}
    - Modifiers: override
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the camera's position.
    - Replaces Biome effects.ambient_sound, effects.mood_sound, and effects.additions_sound fields.

- minecraft:audio/firefly_bush_sounds
  - If true and not below an opaque block, firefly bushes will produce idle sounds.
    - Value type: boolean
    - Default value: false
    - Modifiers: Boolean Modifiers
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the position of a firefly bush.

- minecraft:gameplay/water_evaporates
  - If true, water cannot be placed with a bucket, melting ice will not produce water, wet sponge will dry out when placed, and dripstone will not produce water from mud blocks.
    - Value type: boolean
    - Default value: false
    - Modifiers: Boolean Modifiers
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the position of the interaction.
    - Replaces Dimension Type ultrawarm field.

- minecraft:gameplay/bed_rule
  - Controls whether a bed can be used to sleep, and whether it can be used to set a respawn point.
    - Value type: object with fields.
      - can_sleep: one of:
        always – the bed can always be used to sleep (assuming the bed is not obstructed and there are no monsters nearby).
        
        when_dark – bed bed can only be used to be sleep when the global skylight level is less than 4.
        
        never – the bed can never be used to sleep.
      - can_set_spawn – same as can_sleep
      - explodes – optional boolean, if true the bed will explode when interacted with.
        Default: false
      - error_message: optional Text Component, the message to show if the player is unable to sleep or set their spawn.
    - Default value: {type:"can_sleep_when_dark",error_message:{translate:"block.minecraft.bed.no_sleep"}}
    - Modifiers: override
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the head position of the Bed block.
    - Replaces Dimension Type bed_works field.

- minecraft:gameplay/respawn_anchor_works
  - Controls whether respawn anchors can be used to set spawn (or respawn).
  - If false, the respawn anchor will explode once charged.
    - Value type: boolean
    - Default value: false
    - Modifiers: Boolean Modifiers
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the position of the Respawn Anchor block.
    - Replaces Dimension Type respawn_anchor_works field.

- minecraft:gameplay/nether_portal_spawns_piglin
  - Controls whether nether portal blocks can spawn piglins.
    - Value type: boolean
    - Default value: false
    - Modifiers: Boolean Modifiers
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the position of a random Nether Portal block.
    - Replaces Dimension Type natural field.

- minecraft:gameplay/fast_lava
  - Controls whether Lava should spread faster and further, as well as have a stronger pushing force on entities when flowing.
    - Value type: boolean
    - Default value: false
    - Modifiers: Boolean Modifiers
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved for a whole dimension (cannot be specified on a Biome).
    - Replaces Dimension Type ultrawarm field.

- minecraft:gameplay/increased_fire_burnout
  - Controls whether fire blocks burn out more rapidly than normal.
    - Value type: boolean
    - Default value: false
    - Modifiers: Boolean Modifiers
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the position of the burning Fire block.
    - Replaces #increased_fire_burnout Biome Tag.

- minecraft:gameplay/piglins_zombify
  - Controls whether piglins and hoglins should zombify.
    - Value type: boolean
    - Default value: true
    - Modifiers: Boolean Modifiers
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the position of the zombifying entity.
    - Replaces Dimension Type piglin_safe field.

- minecraft:gameplay/monsters_burn
  - When true, monsters will burn while exposed to the sky.
    - Value type: boolean
    - Default value: false
    - Modifiers: Boolean Modifiers
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the monster's position.

- minecraft:gameplay/snow_golem_melts
  - Controls whether a snow golem should be damaged.
    - Value type: boolean
    - Default value: false
    - Modifiers: Boolean Modifiers
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the position of the snow golem.
    - Replaces #snow_golem_melts Biome Tag.

- minecraft:gameplay/sky_light_level
  - The effective light level of the sky used by mechanics such as mob spawning or daylight detectors.
    - For example, a block fully exposed to the sky will be considered to have a light level of exactly this value, while a block deep in a cave will not be affected at all.
  - The corresponding visual effect is controlled entirely by minecraft:visual/sky_light_factor.
    - Value type: float
    - Default value: 15.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved for a whole dimension (cannot be specified on a Biome)

- minecraft:gameplay/eyeblossom_open
  - If true, closed eyeblossoms will eventually open by random block ticks. If false, open eyeblossoms will do the opposite. If "default", open or Closed closed will remain in their current state.
    - Value type: one of:
      - true
      - false
      - "default"
    - Default value: "default"
    - Modifiers: override
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the eyeblossom block's position

- minecraft:gameplay/turtle_egg_hatch_chance
  - The chance that a turtle egg block will switch to its next hatching state when randomly ticked.
    - Value type: float between 0 and 1
    - Default value: 0.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the turtle egg block's position.

- minecraft:gameplay/creaking_active
  - While true, creaking heart blocks (and their corresponding Creaking) will become active. On the other hand, when false, it will enter its dormant state.
    - Value type: boolean
    - Default value: false
    - Modifiers: Boolean Modifiers
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the creaking heart block's position.

- minecraft:gameplay/surface_slime_spawn_chance
  - An additional chance rolled when a natural slime spawn attempt occurs in a biome with the #allows_surface_slime_spawns tag.
    - Value type: float between 0 and 1
    - Default value: 0.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the position of the slime spawn attempt.

- minecraft:gameplay/cat_waking_up_gift_chance
  - The chance that a cat lying on its owner's bed will drop a gift (from the gameplay/cat_morning_gift loot table) when the player wakes up.
    - Value type: float
    - Default value: 0.0
    - Modifiers: Float Modifiers
    - Interpolated: yes
    - Resolved at the cat's position.

- minecraft:gameplay/bees_stay_in_hive
  - When true, bees will try to navigate to their hives and will not exit unless the hive is broken or next to a fire.
    - Value type: boolean
    - Default value: false
    - Modifiers: Boolean Modifiers
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at a bee or bee hive block's position.

- minecraft:gameplay/can_pillager_patrol_spawn
  - When true, pillager patrols are able to spawn.
    - Note: the global skylight level must also be greater than 11.
    - Value type: boolean
    - Default value: true
    - Modifiers: Boolean Modifiers
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the position of the patrol spawn attempt.
    - Replaces the #without_patrol_spawns biome tag.

- minecraft:gameplay/can_start_raid
  - If false, a raid cannot be started by a player with raid omen.
    - Value type: boolean
    - Default value: true
    - Modifiers: Boolean Modifiers
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the position that the Raid would be started.
    - Replaces Dimension Type has_raids field.

- minecraft:gameplay/villager_activity
  - Controls the default AI activity for adult villagers.
  - Not all activities are supported by villager AI – if an unsupported one is chosen, the Villager will do nothing. The following activities are supported:
    - core
    - hide
    - idle
    - meet
    - panic
    - pre_raid
    - raid
    - rest
    - work
    - Value type: Mob Activity
    - Default value: "minecraft:idle"
    - Modifiers: override
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the villager's position.

- minecraft:gameplay/baby_villager_activity
  - Controls the default AI activity for baby villagers.
  - Not all activities are supported by villager AI; if an unsupported one is chosen, the villager will do nothing. The following activities are supported:
    - core
    - hide
    - idle
    - meet
    - panic
    - play
    - pre_raid
    - raid
    - rest
    - Value type: Mob Activity
    - Default value: "minecraft:idle"
    - Modifiers: override
    - Interpolated: no
    - Resolved at the villager's position.

Game rules

Added minecraft:fire_spread_radius_around_player
- Controls the maximum distance in blocks that fire can spread around a player.
  - This replaces the previous doFireTick and allowFireTicksAwayFromPlayer game rules, which have now been removed.
  - Setting it to 0 will disable fire spreading.
  - Setting it to -1 will allow fire spreading without players around.
  - Limit: Minimum -1

Item components

minecraft:attack_range
- Enables a custom attack range when using the item.
- Overrides the normal entity interaction range for player.
- Regular melee attack range is computed for mobs based on the distance of the target hitbox to their hitbox. This component modifies that distance check by adjusting minimum and maximum padding for the attack hitbox.
- Mobs using minecraft:kinetic_weapon will have their attack range applied in the same way it applies to players.
- Format: object with fields
  - min_reach: float, the minimum distance in blocks from the attacker to the target to be considered valid.
    - Default value: 0.0, valid from 0.0 to 64.0
  - max_reach: float, the maximum distance in blocks from the attacker to the target to be considered valid.
    - Default value: 3.0, valid from 0.0 to 64.0
  - min_creative_reach: float, the minimum distance in blocks from the Creative Mode attacker to the target to be considered valid.
    - Default value: 0.0, valid from 0.0 to 64.0
  - max_creative_reach: float, the maximum distance in blocks from the Creative Mode attacker to the target to be considered valid.
    - Default value: 5.0, valid from 0.0 to 64.0
  - hitbox_margin: float, the margin applied to the target bounding box when checking for valid hitbox collision.
    - Default value: 0.3, valid from 0.0 to 1.0
  - mob_factor: float, the multiplier applied to the min_range and max_range when checking for valid distance when item is used by a mob.
    - Default value: 1.0, valid from 0.0 to 2.0

minecraft:damage_type
- Specifies the type of damage this item deals.
- Format: string, damage type identifier.
  - e.g. damage_type='minecraft:spear'

minecraft:kinetic_weapon
- Enables a charge-type attack when using the item (primarily for Spears), where, while being used, the damage is dealt along a ray every tick based on the relative speed of the entities.
- Format: object with fields.
  - delay_ticks: integer, the time in ticks required before weapon is effective.
    - Default value: 0
  - dismount_conditions: Indicates the condition to apply dismount. Objects with fields:
    - max_duration_ticks: integer, the ticks after which the condition is no longer checked. This starts after delay has elapsed.
    - min_speed: float, the minimum speed of the attacker, in blocks per second, along the direction that the attacker is looking.
      - Optional, default value: 0.0
    - min_relative_speed: float, the minimum relative speed between the attacker and target, in blocks per second, along the direction that the attacker is looking.
      - Optional, default value: 0.0
  - knockback_conditions: Indicates the condition to apply knockback. Objects with fields:
    - max_duration_ticks: integer, the ticks after which the condition is no longer checked. This starts after delay has elapsed.
    - min_speed: float, the minimum speed of the attacker, in blocks per second, along the direction that the attacker is looking.
      - Optional, default value: 0.0
    - min_relative_speed: float, the minimum relative speed between the attacker and target, in blocks per second, along the direction that the attacker is looking.
      - Optional, default value: 0.0
  - damage_conditions: Indicates the condition to apply damage effects. Objects with fields:
    - max_duration_ticks: integer, the ticks after which the condition is no longer checked. This starts after delay has elapsed.
    - min_speed: float, the minimum speed of the attacker, in blocks per second, along the direction that the attacker is looking.
      - Optional, default value: 0.0
    - min_relative_speed: float, the minimum relative speed between the attacker and target, in blocks per second, along the direction that the attacker is looking.
      - Optional, default value: 0.0
  - forward_movement: float, the distance the item moves out of hand during animation.
    - Default value: 0.0
  - damage_multiplier: float, the multiplier for the final damage from the relative speed.
    - Default value: 1.0
  - sound: Optional Sound Event to play when the weapon is engaged.
  - hit_sound: Optional Sound Event to play when the weapon hits an entity.
  - contact_cooldown_ticks: integer, the cooldown in ticks after hitting, and loosing contact with an entity before being able to hit it again.
    - Default value: 10
  - e.g. kinetic_weapon={max_reach:5.0,forward_movement:1.0,delay:20,damage_conditions:{max_duration_ticks:60},knockback_conditions:{max_duration_ticks:40},dismount_conditions:{max_duration_ticks:20}}
- The damage dealt is calculated as floor(relativespeed*velocitymultiplier) where relative_speed is the difference of speed vectors of the attacker and the target as projected onto the axis of the attacker's view vector.
  - Any additional damage from enchantments or attribute modifiers is * after this calculation.

minecraft:minimum_attack_charge
- Sets the minimum attack charge on the attack indicator required to attack with this item.
- Format: float (0.0 to 1.0).
  - 0.0: no charge required.
  - 1.0: full charge required.

minecraft:piercing_weapon
- Enables a quick attack that damages multiple entities along a ray (primarily for Spears).
- Format: object with fields.
  - deals_knockback: boolean, whether the attack deals knockback.
    - Default value: true
  - dismounts: boolean, whether the attack dismounts the target.
    - Default value: false
  - sound: Optional Sound Event to play when a player attacks with the weapon.
  - hit_sound: Optional Sound Event to play when the weapon hits an entity.
  - e.g. piercing_weapon={min_reach:0,max_reach:4,dismounts:true}

minecraft:swing_animation
- Specifies the swing animation to play when attacking or interacting using this item.
- Format: object with fields.
  - type: string, the animation identifier (none, whack, stab).
    - Default value: whack
  - duration: integer, the duration in ticks.
    - Default value: 6
  - e.g. swing_animation={type:'stab',duration:20}

minecraft:use_effects
- Controls how the player behaves when using an item (right mouse click).
- Format: object with fields.
  - can_sprint: boolean, whether the player can sprint while using this item.
    - Default value: false
  - speed_multiplier: float (0 to 1), the speed multiplier applied to the player while using this item.
    - Default value: 0.2
  - interact_vibrations: boolean
    - Whether using this item emits minecraft:item_interact_start and minecraft:item_interact_finish game events.
    - Default value: true
  - e.g. use_effects={can_sprint:true,speed_multiplier:1.0}

Loot functions

minecraft:discard
- Replaces any item stack with empty one.
- No fields.

Options

Added the anisotropic filtering graphics option.
- This new option improves the visual quality of blocks when viewed at a distance or at an angle.
- The default depends on the graphics preset, and the values are "off", "2x", "4x", and "8x".
- If the hardware does not support it, it will not be used.
- This significantly impacts video memory usage (especially combined with a high mipmap count).

Added the chunk fade time option.
- Located in Video Settings.
- Controls the fade-in time of chunks.

Added texture filtering in video settings.
- Controls the method used to sample textures when they are viewed at an angle or from a distance.
- Available values are "None", "RGSS", and "Anisotropic".
- The default depends on the selected graphics preset as well as the computer's graphics card capabilities.^{[note 2]}
- "RGSS" (Rotated Grid Super Sampling) is a shader-based filtering method that improves texture clarity at a moderate performance cost.
  - This is available on all hardware.
- "Anisotropic" is a hardware-based filtering method that improves texture clarity even further.
  - The maximum anisotropy may be "2x", "4x", and "8x", controllable by a separate slider.
  - If the graphics card does not support it, anisotropic filtering will do nothing.
  - This significantly impacts VRAM usage (especially combined with a high mipmap count).

Slot sources

Added slot sources to allow the location of any inventory slot to be specified within datapacks.
- Format: object with fields.
  - type: the slot source type.
  - <type-specific>: additional fields depending on the type.

minecraft:empty Type
- Empty selection containing no slots.

minecraft:group Type
- Merges several slot sources into one, with the resulting selection containing all slots from each slot source provided.
  - If a slot is included in more than one slot source, it will be repeated in the resulting slot source.
  - e.g. [a, b] + [c, a] -> [a, b, c, a]
- Format:
  - terms: list of slot sources to join.
- Can alternatively be written inline as a list of slot sources.

minecraft:slot_range Type
- Selects slots within a slot range from the inventory of an entity or block entity.
- Mirrors the behavior of the from argument of the /item command.
- Format:
  - source: an entity or block entity from which the slots will be sourced, from loot context.
    - Can be block_entity, this, attacking_entity, last_damage_player, direct_attacker, target_entity, or interacting_entity
  - slots: a slot range in the format of <slot_type> or <slot_type>.<slot_number> (e.g. armor.chest or container.*).

minecraft:contents Type
- Selects all non-empty slots from the inventory component of one or more items.
  - If no item is stored inside that component, the resulting selection will be empty.
- The location of the item(s) whose inventory component to use is specified by another slot source.
  - If the slot source includes more than one item with that component, the resulting selections will be merged identically as with the minecraft:group type.
  - e.g. Bundle [a, b] + Shulker Box [c, d] -> [a, b, c, d]
- Format:
  - component: the inventory component to target.
    - Allowed values are minecraft:bundle_contents, minecraft:charged_projectiles, and minecraft:container
  - slot_source: a slot source containing slots with item(s) to target.

minecraft:filtered Type
- Applies a filter to the selected slots, excluding any non-matching slots from the resulting selection.
- Format:
  - item_filter: an item predicate to match against the items in each slot.
  - slot_source: the slot source to filter.

minecraft:limit_slots Type
- Limits the number of slots provided, with the resulting selection containing at most that number of slots.
  - Any slots bringing the number of slots above that limit will be excluded, in order of inclusion.
  - e.g. [a, b, c, d] -> [a, b, c] if the limit is set to 3
- Format:
  - limit: integer, the maximum number of slots to include in the resulting selection.
  - slot_source: the slot source to limit.
Example slot source selecting every slot with more than 16 items from the hotbar and armor slots of an entity:

{
    "type": "minecraft:filtered",
    "item_filter": {
        "count": {
            "min": 16
        }
    },
    "slot_source": [
        {
            "type": "minecraft:slot_range",
            "source": "this",
            "slots": "hotbar.*"
        },
        {
            "type": "minecraft:slot_range",
            "source": "this",
            "slots": "armor.*"
        }
    ]
}

Splash

Added "One does not simply walk to the Far Lands".
- References kurtjmac, who completed his 14-year Far Lands walk a month prior.
Added "Music by Hyper Potions!"

Tags

Biome Tags
- Added #spawns_coral_variant_zombie_nautilus
  - Contains the biomes where the coral variant of the zombie nautilus can spawn.

Block Tags
- Added #can_glide_through.
  - Contains climbable blocks that can be glided through without stopping.

Entity Tags
- Added #burn_in_daylight
  - Contains entities that burn in daylight.
- Added #can_float_while_ridden
  - Contains entities that can float on water while being ridden.
- Added #can_wear_nautilus_armor
  - Contains entities that can equip nautilus armor.
- Added #nautilus_hostiles
  - Contains entities that the nautilus will be hostile towards when untamed.

Item Tags
- Added #camel_husk_food
  - Contains all items that can be used to feed a camel husk.
- Added #enchantable/lunge
  - Contains all items that can be enchanted with the lunge enchantment.
- Added #enchantable/melee_weapon
  - Contains all primary melee weapons including swords and spears.
- Added #nautilus_bucket_food
  - Contains bucketed fish items that can be used to feed a tamed nautilus and zombie nautilus.
- Added #nautilus_food
  - Contains all items that can be used to feed a tamed nautilus and zombie nautilus.
- Added #nautilus_taming_items
  - Contains items that can be used to tame a nautilus and a zombie nautilus.
- Added #spears
  - Contains all spear weapons.
- Added #zombie_horse_food
  - Contains all items that can be used to feed a tamed zombie horse.

Timeline Tags
- Added #universal
  - Contains timelines that are active in every dimension.
- Added #in_overworld
  - Contains timelines that are active in the Overworld.
- Added #in_nether
  - Contains timelines that are active in the Nether.
- Added #in_end
  - Contains timelines that are active in the End.

Timelines

Are a new experimental concept defined in data packs under the timeline registry (i.e. found under data/<namespace>/timeline/<id>.json).
Specify game behavior based on the absolute day time (that which is set by /time set). Timelines optionally can specify a period over which they will be repeated.
Are able to modify game behavior or visuals by acting as an Environment Attribute source to apply Environment Attribute modifiers.
- Format: object with fields
  - period_ticks: optional integer, defines the duration in ticks over which the timeline will repeat.
    - If not specified, the timeline will not repeat
  - tracks: optional map between Environment Attribute IDs and a corresponding Environment Attribute Track object.
Timelines by default have no effect unless they are included by a dimension.
With the inclusion of Timelines, Environment Attribute sources are processed in the following order (from low to high priority):
- Dimensions
- Biomes
- Timelines
- Weather (not data-driven)
Interpolation
- Timelines can define Attribute Tracks
  - These specify how a modifier for a particular Environment Attribute changes over time by defining keyframes.
  - Depending on the attribute, interpolation may be used between each keyframe. If interpolation is not used, the previous keyframe value will always be selected.
- For example, a Timeline with a period of 24000 might be set up as following:
  - At time = 0, the timeline provides sky_color = #ff0000 (red)
  - At time = 1000, the timeline provides sky_color = #ff0000 (red)
  - At time = 6000, the timeline provides sky_color = #ff00ff (magenta)
- Between time = 0 and time = 1000, the sky color will be red. Between 1000 and 6000, it will shift from red to magenta. Then, from 6000 all the way until the timeline repeats and reaches time = 0 again, the color will slowly shift back to red.
- Unlike biomes, if a Timeline uses a modifier instead of an override, interpolation is applied to the modifier arguments rather than the final modified values.
Attribute Tracks
- An Attribute Track specified within a Timeline takes the format of an object with the following fields:
  - ease – optional Easing Type (see below), used to ease the interpolation of the value between keyframes.
    - Default: linear
      - If the target attribute does not support interpolation, the easing mode will have no effect.
  - keyframes – list of keyframe objects, must be ordered by the ticks field:
    - ticks – integer between 0 and period_ticks (if specified), defines the tick (within the period) at which this keyframe's value will be active.
    - value – the modifier argument (format dependent on the chosen modifier).
      - If no modifier is specified (or override is used), the type of this field is the same as the Environment Attribute itself.
      - How this value is used depends on the type of modifier.
        Note: at most two keyframes can be placed on the same tick, creating an immediate transition.
  - modifier – optional string modifier ID, dependent on the Attribute Type (see the Common Modifiers section below).
    - Default: override
- For example, the following Timeline has a period of 24000, and has an attribute track that modifies only minecraft:gameplay/cat_waking_up_gift_chance. Because the easing is constant, between tick 362 and 23667 the value is 0.0, while between tick 23667 and 362 it is 0.7.
- Like other Environment Attribute sources, the specified value is used as the argument to the specified modifier. This is then applied on top of sources with a lower priority. In this case the modifier is maximum, so this timeline will only ever increase the value of cat_waking_up_gift_chance to the value specified in the track.

{
    "period_ticks": 24000,
    "tracks": {
        "minecraft:gameplay/cat_waking_up_gift_chance": {
            "ease": "constant",
            "modifier": "maximum",
            "keyframes": [
                { "ticks": 362,   "value": 0.0 },
                { "ticks": 23667, "value": 0.7 }
            ]
        }
    }
}

Easing Types
- Easing Types control the interpolation between two keyframes by applying a curve. The following built-in Easing Types are provided:
  - constant – always selects the previous keyframe
  - linear
  - in_back
  - in_bounce
  - in_circ
  - in_cubic
  - in_elastic
  - in_expo
  - in_quad
  - in_quart
  - in_quint
  - in_sine
  - in_out_back
  - in_out_bounce
  - in_out_circ
  - in_out_cubic
  - in_out_elastic
  - in_out_expo
  - in_out_quad
  - in_out_quart
  - in_out_quint
  - in_out_sine
  - out_back
  - out_bounce
  - out_circ
  - out_cubic
  - out_elastic
  - out_expo
  - out_quad
  - out_quart
  - out_quint
  - out_sine
- An Easing Type may also be specified with a Cubic Bézier in the format: { "cubic_bezier": [ x1, y1, x2, y2 ] }
  - x1: float between 0 and 1, x-coordinate of the first control point.
  - y1: float, y-coordinate of the first control point.
  - x2: float between 0 and 1, x-coordinate of the second control point.
  - y2: float, y-coordinate of the second control point.

Common Data Types
- Mob Activity
  - A string ID from the minecraft:activity built-in registry. One of:
    - minecraft:core
    - minecraft:idle
    - minecraft:work
    - minecraft:play
    - minecraft:rest
    - minecraft:meet
    - minecraft:panic
    - minecraft:raid
    - minecraft:pre_raid
    - minecraft:hide
    - minecraft:fight
    - minecraft:celebrate
    - minecraft:admire_item
    - minecraft:avoid
    - minecraft:ride
    - minecraft:play_dead
    - minecraft:long_jump
    - minecraft:ram
    - minecraft:tongue
    - minecraft:swim
    - minecraft:lay_spawn
    - minecraft:sniff
    - minecraft:investigate
    - minecraft:roar
    - minecraft:emerge
    - minecraft:dig

Modifiers
- Added blend_to_gray RGB/ARGB modifier – modifies a color by taking its grayscale form, applying a brightness modifier, and mixing with this using some factor.
  - Where gray = brightness * (0.3 * red + 0.59 * green + 0.11 * blue), result = lerp(factor, subject, [gray, gray, gray])
    - Argument format: object with fields
    - brightness: float between 0 and 1, a multiplier to apply to the grayscale value.
    - factor: float between 0 and 1, the factor to mix with.

Changes

Blocks

Decorated Pots

Now have the particle texture of terracotta upon breaking.^{[source code ref 1]}

Leaves

The gaps between leaves are now dark green instead of black when "See-Through Leaves" video setting is disabled.